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Taxa
Valeriana
EOL Text
The non-native Garden Valerian has naturalized in NE Illinois, where it is uncommon (see Distribution Map). It was introduced into North America from Europe as an ornamental and medicinal plant. Habitats consist of soggy thickets and meadows, fens, and roadside ditches. So far, Garden Valerian has not been a problem in Illinois, although in the northeastern states it appears to be more abundant and aggressive, possibly because of the cooler climate and more abundant rainfall in these states.
License | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ |
Rights holder/Author | Copyright © 2002-2014 by Dr. John Hilty |
Source | http://www.illinoiswildflowers.info/weeds/plants/valerian.html |
Valeriana scandens L.
Bejuco herbáceo voluble, que alcanza 2-3 m de largo. Tallos cilíndricos, glabros o puberulentos en los nudos. Hojas opuestas, trifolioladas; folíolos 1.3-6 × 0.8-2.2 cm (el folíolo terminal mayor que los laterales), lanceolados u ovado-lanceolados, membranáceos, glabros, el ápice acuminado, la base obtusa, redondeada o truncada, los márgenes enteros o crenados; haz y envéz glabros, con la nervación levemente prominente; pecíolos delgados, 1.2-3 cm de largo. Flores en cimas dicasiales o pseudo-dicótomas con monocasios laterales. Hipanto ovoide, ca. 1 mm de largo, con 10-12 sépalos filiformes; corola blanca, estrechamente campanulada, 1.3-1.8 mm de largo, los lóbulos 0.2-0.4 mm de largo; estambres insertos; estilo ca. 1 mm de largo, con tres ramas estigmáticas cortas. Aquenio ovado, comprimido, con numerosas costillas, ca. 2.5 mm de largo, coronado por un mechón de sépalos plumosos, ca. 4 mm de largo
Fenología: Coleccionada en flor de noviembre a mayo y en fruto en marzo.
Estatus: Nativa, poco común.
Especimenes Estudiados: Acevedo-Rdgz., P. 9399; 10203; Britton, N.L. 495; 5401; Sintenis, P. 302; 4932.
According to Müller (1873/1883), the nectar and pollen of the flowers attract honeybees, bumblebees, Halictid bees, Dance flies (Empididae), flower flies (Syrphidae), Muscid flies, blow flies (Calliphoridae), flesh flies (Sarcophagidae), and thick-headed flies (Conopidae). The flowers also attract skippers and butterflies during the day (personal observation), and perhaps moths at night. Because of its bitter taste and other properties, the foliage of Garden Valerian is not attractive to mammalian herbivores.
License | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ |
Rights holder/Author | Copyright © 2002-2014 by Dr. John Hilty |
Source | http://www.illinoiswildflowers.info/weeds/plants/valerian.html |
Valeriana scandens L., Sp. Pl. ed. 2, 47. 1762.
Herbaceous vine, twining, attainig 2-3 m in length. Stems cylindrical, glabrous or puberulent at the nodes. Leaves opposite, trifoliolate; leaflets 1.3-6 × 0.8-2.2 cm (terminal leaflet larger than the lateral ones), membranaceous, glabrous, lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, the apex acuminate, the base obtuse, rounded, or truncate, the margins entire or crenate, the venation slightly prominent on both surfaces; petioles slender, 1.2-3 cm long. Flowers in dichasial or pseudodichotomous cymes with lateral monochasia. Hypanthium ovoid, ca. 1 mm long, crowned by 10-12 filiform sepals; corolla narrowly campanulate, 1.3-1.8 mm long, the lobes 0.2-0.4 mm long; stamens included; style ca. 1 mm long, with three short stigmatic branches. Achene flattened, ribbed, ovate, ca. 2.5 mm long, crowned by a tuft of plumose sepals, ca. 4 mm long
Phenology: Collected in flower from November to May and in fruit in March.
Status: Native, uncommon.
Selected Specimens Examined: Acevedo-Rdgz., P. 9399; 10203; Britton, N.L. 495; 5401; Sintenis, P. 302; 4932.
Foodplant / sap sucker
nymph of Acompus rufipes sucks sap of Valeriana officinalis
Remarks: Other: uncertain
In Great Britain and/or Ireland:
Foodplant / saprobe
colony of Arthrinium dematiaceous anamorph of Arthrinium phaeospermum is saprobic on dead leaf of Valeriana officinalis
Remarks: season: esp. 7-8
Foodplant / saprobe
immersed, becoming erumpent conidioma of Chaetospermum coelomycetous anamorph of Chaetospermum chaetosporum is saprobic on dead stem of Valeriana officinalis
Foodplant / parasite
cleistothecium of Erysiphe valerianae parasitises live Valeriana officinalis
Foodplant / miner
larva of Liriomyza valerianae mines leaf of Valeriana officinalis
Foodplant / open feeder
nocturnal larva of Macrophya albicincta grazes on leaf of Valeriana officinalis
Other: minor host/prey
Foodplant / sap sucker
Macrosiphum rosae sucks sap of live Valeriana officinalis
Foodplant / parasite
sporangium of Peronospora valerianae parasitises live Valeriana officinalis
Foodplant / spot causer
epiphyllous, few, immersed, then erumpent pycnidium of Phyllosticta coelomycetous anamorph of Phyllosticta valerianae causes spots on live leaf of Valeriana officinalis
Remarks: season: 8
Foodplant / spot causer
hypophyllous colony of Ramularia anamorph of Ramularia valerianae causes spots on live leaf of Valeriana officinalis
Foodplant / parasite
telium of Uromyces valerianae parasitises live Valeriana officinalis
Neotype for Valeriana scandens L.
Catalog Number: US 1801331
Collection: Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History, Department of Botany
Verification Degree: Original publication and alleged type specimen examined; Original publication and alleged type specimen examined
Preparation: Pressed specimen
Collector(s): F. Tamayo
Year Collected: 1940
Locality: Hills of Barrancas., Federal District, Venezuela, South America
- Neotype: Barrie, F. R. 1989. Taxon. 38: 296.; Linnaeus, C. 1762. Sp. Pl. 1: 47.
License | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ |
Rights holder/Author | This image was obtained from the Smithsonian Institution. Unless otherwise noted, this image or its contents may be protected by international copyright laws. |
Source | http://collections.mnh.si.edu/search/botany/?irn=2166921 |
Perennial herbs, often with a distinctive smell of valerian. Inflorescence a thyrse. Flowers bisexual or unisexual. Calyx developing in fruit into a pappus of 5-15 plumose awns. Corolla slightly saccate at base, with 5 lobes. Stamens 3. Fruit a flattened achene with 6 filiform ribs.
License | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ |
Rights holder/Author | Mark Hyde, Bart Wursten, Petra Ballings, Flora of Zimbabwe |
Source | http://www.zimbabweflora.co.zw/speciesdata/genus.php?genus_id=1429 |
Comments: To 1000m elevation.
Valeriana
Hierbas o con menos frecuencia bejucos herbáceos, volubles o escandentes, glabros o pubescentes, usualmente con olor fétido. Hojas opuestas, simples, trifolioladas, pinnadas o pinnatisectas, enteras o dentadas, pecioladas; estípulas ausentes. Flores bisexuales o rara vez unisexuales, actinomorfas o levemente zigomorfas, producidas en cimas dicasiales, terminales o axilares; brácteas y bractéolas presentes. Cáliz tubular, con 5-20 lóbulos, dentados, setosos o plumosos; corola infundibuliforme, campanulada o hipocrateriforme, el tubo corto, los lóbulos 5, expandidos; estambres 3(4), adnatos a la garganta, insertos o exertos, las anteras sésiles; ovario ínfero, 3-carpelar, los carpelos con un solo óvulo, el estigma 2-3-lobado. Fruto un aquenio, con un solo cárpelo fértil, coronado por sépalos plumosos. Género casi cosmopolita, con aproximadamente 250 especies.